Quick answer
About 396,000 people in New Hampshire (30.1% of residents) got their water from private wells in 2010, according to USGS estimates. New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services runs the state’s private well guidance. We didn’t find a free statewide well testing program in New Hampshire. Certified labs charge for each test, and some county health departments offer lower-cost bacteria and nitrate tests.
- People on private wells
- 396,106
- Share of residents
- 30.1%
- Rank among states
- 32nd
- Well users modeled above 10 µg/L arsenic
- 14.7%
Where to get your well tested in New Hampshire
- New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services: Private Wells, the state’s guidance for private well owners.
- Certified laboratories in New Hampshire. Use a lab certified for drinking water, so results are reliable.
Free or low-cost testing
We didn’t find a free statewide program in New Hampshire. Certified labs charge per test; county health departments sometimes offer lower-cost bacteria and nitrate tests.
Mail-in lab kits are another option when no local lab is convenient. See well water test kits for what home kits can and can’t tell you.
What to test for
- Every year: total coliform bacteria and nitrate.
- Before buying equipment: pH, hardness, iron, manganese and, if there’s a smell, hydrogen sulfide.
- Based on location: arsenic, uranium and radon, PFAS, and lead in older plumbing.
USGS modeling estimates that about 14.7% of New Hampshire’s private well users have water above the 10 µg/L arsenic limit. Arsenic has no taste or smell, so include it in your first test.
Private wells by county
Estimated people relying on private wells in each New Hampshire county in 2010, the share of residents that represents, and the modeled share of well users with arsenic above 10 µg/L. These are USGS model estimates (2010 population), not measurements of any well. Arsenic is hidden for counties with fewer than 500 well users.
| County | People on wells | Share | Arsenic >10 µg/L |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rockingham County | 96,591 | 32.7% | 18.1% |
| Hillsborough County | 76,520 | 19.1% | 19.0% |
| Merrimack County | 51,089 | 34.9% | 26.5% |
| Grafton County | 34,393 | 38.6% | 4.2% |
| Cheshire County | 31,517 | 40.9% | 9.0% |
| Strafford County | 28,962 | 23.5% | 14.3% |
| Belknap County | 26,754 | 44.5% | 6.4% |
| Carroll County | 25,763 | 53.9% | 3.7% |
| Sullivan County | 17,077 | 39.0% | 7.7% |
| Coos County | 7,440 | 22.5% | 3.5% |
Counties with the highest modeled arsenic share: Merrimack County (26.5%), Hillsborough County (19.0%), Rockingham County (18.1%), Strafford County (14.3%), Cheshire County (9.0%).
After you get results
Enter your numbers in the test results tool to see what needs treating and in what order. The guide to reading a well water test explains units and limits.
Common questions
Does New Hampshire offer free well water testing?
We didn’t find a free statewide well testing program in New Hampshire. Certified labs charge for each test, and some county health departments offer lower-cost bacteria and nitrate tests.
Who oversees private wells in New Hampshire?
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (Private Wells) publishes guidance for private well owners. Private wells aren’t covered by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, so testing and treatment are up to the owner.
How many people use private wells in New Hampshire?
USGS estimates about 396,000 people, or 30.1% of the population in 2010. That ranks 32nd of the states covered by the estimate.
What should I test my well for in New Hampshire?
Test every year for total coliform bacteria and nitrate, plus pH, hardness, iron and manganese before buying equipment. Arsenic is a known concern in parts of New Hampshire, so add it to the first test.